Wildfire chemical toxic to humans lingers longer in clouds - UKRI

Researchers have discovered why a toxic compound found in wildfire smoke resists natural breakdown when dissolved in atmospheric water droplets.

The study was carried out by researchers from the University of Bristol and the Central Laser Facility at the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC).

The finding explains why 2,4-Dinitrophenol (DNP), a chemical compound toxic to plants, animals and humans, can remain active in the atmosphere for longer periods than previously understood.

This persistence may help explain why brown carbon from wildfires contributes to global warming for extended periods.

Understanding DNP’s atmospheric behaviour

The research team investigated how environmental conditions affect DNP’s lifespan in the atmosphere.

They found that when DNP dissolves in tiny airborne water droplets that make up mist and clouds, it becomes more resistant to the natural oxidation process that would normally break it down.

Toxic to climate and public health

DNP enters the atmosphere through multiple sources, including forest fires.

Once airborne, as part of brown carbon particles, DNP absorbs sunlight and converts it to heat, contributing to climate change.

The compound is also toxic to living organisms, making its extended atmospheric lifetime a dual concern for both climate and public health.