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A round up of the top countryside, conservation, wildlife and forestry stories as chosen by the CJS Team.
The Understanding Predation project identifies pathways to
address conflict - Scottish
Natural Heritage on behalf of Scotland’s Moorland Forum A report from a ground-breaking project identifying ways to resolve
conflicts about predation is being launched today by Environment
Minister, Dr Aileen McLeod. The report analyses the views of a large
number of stakeholders in conservation and land management alongside the
most up to date ecological research on predator-prey relationships and
the best means of protecting declining populations of ground-nesting
birds. Dr McLeod launched the report at Scottish Natural Heritage’s Battleby
Conference Centre, in front of 60 delegates drawn from a wide range of
organisations with particular interests in the uplands and farmland of
Scotland. Predation is a natural process, yet it often excites controversy and
widely diverging opinions. The Understanding Predation project was
established to develop a basis for a common understanding between
scientists, conservationists and those who work the land. Collaborative
discussions were a hallmark of the study as it progressed, and this
bodes well for the development of future work to consider how we can
address problems associated with predation. The report found strong support from survey data and stakeholders’
knowledge that all six wild birds studied in detail (black grouse,
curlew, golden plover, grey partridge, lapwing and oystercatcher) had
shown widespread declines across Scotland since the 1960s. Importantly,
stakeholders agreed that urgent action was needed to stop these
population declines. Stakeholders valued the collaborative process
adopted by the project, and the opportunities it provided for many
diverse voices to be heard. The study recommends developing an adaptive,
collaborative approach, linking scientific evidence gathering and
stakeholders’ knowledge, to guide the development of management
practices. The Minister commented, "The Understanding Predation project is
promoting a shared understanding of the nature of predation of wild
birds in Scotland. I believe the collaborative approach adopted,
bringing together science and local knowledge, will prove to be a
turning point in the way we tackle these difficult issues in the future.
I would like to offer my thanks to the Moorland Forum and all those who
have contributed their knowledge and experience for providing this
unique overview of predation issues.” Find out more and access the report.
Scottish Land & Estates has heralded a new report launched today as a
‘pivotal moment’ in resolving conflicts around predation. The Understanding Predation report, by Scotland’s Moorland Forum, was
launched today by the Minister for Environment, Dr Aileen McLeod. The
publication is the result of a year’s work by an eminent and impartial
multi-disciplinary research team. Douglas McAdam, chief executive of Scottish Land & Estates, said:
“Today’s report marks a pivotal moment in our understanding of issues of
predation. “Views about predators and the impact on their prey species differ
and populations change over time and across Scotland, so it is vital to
have an agreed baseline of information on which to base future decisions
about management of species. It is a huge subject but for the
first time it has been quantified in one report and a road map for
future work set out. This work now needs to happen through firm
direction from government and Scottish Natural Heritage. “There is a clear message in the conclusions of the report that the
next stage must focus on developing new practical collaborative
approaches to adaptive management – and because of the prey species
decline, there is no time to waste. “The challenge now is for all divergent interests to continue to come
together and build on this landmark research. Too often we see wider
conflict between different groups that erodes trust on the ground. This
tension must become a thing of the past. “We believe that it is vital that this work is taken forward as soon
as possible with the momentum that the Minister has given to the report.
We have been closely involved with this project and will continue to
work with partners on the Moorland Forum to put it into effect.
Issues around predation need to be resolved for the long term
sustainability of all wildlife in Scotland.”
Brecon Beacons National Park Authority agree plans to achieve budget
cuts At a National Park Authority meeting on 5 February, Members agreed
plans to deliver the budget cuts required to achieve a balanced budget
in the financial year 2016/17. The Authority has to accommodate a 4.7%
budget reduction, equivalent to £218,000. In the last
three years the National Park Authority has had to save more than £1
million from its budget. The Authority held an internal consultation on proposals intended to
make the savings and, in today’s meeting, Members considered a detailed
report on these and heard alternative suggestions which had emerged from
the consultation responses and public comments.
Members accepted a voluntary redundancy as part of these measures. There has been a misunderstanding that the National Park Visitor
Centre (outside Libanus) is in jeopardy even though the original paper
did not include a proposal to close the Centre. Instead the plans
addressed the future of the Visitor Information service and shop area;
at no time has closure of the tea rooms been proposed. Members agreed
that the Information service and shop will now remain open until 30th
September 2016, the rest of the Centre will be open as normal.
Members heard that during the consultation period a number of
alternative proposals had been received and these will be considered by
a working group who will bring a revised paper to be discussed on June
10th at the National Park Authority meeting. It was agreed however
that the Waterfalls Centre in Pontneddfechan will close as of 6 June
2016. National Park Authority officers are in discussions with
representatives of the Pontneddfechan community to explore local
interest in taking elements of the exhibition, currently housed at the
Waterfalls Centre, to the Village hall. It was noted that Cwm
Porth information point and car park will remain open and this offers
another access point to the waterfalls area. The Geopark Centre
which is currently located at the Waterfalls Centre will be moved to
Craig-y-nos Country Park. All local Authorities have a statutory duty to manage their rights of
way network. Within the Brecon Beacons National Park, Councils
have delegated these duties to the National Park Authority and make a
small financial contribution to delivering that work. Members
agreed to work with the County and Borough Councils to identify ways of
continuing this important work in the light of current and future
financial constraints. There are no proposals to make changes to
the excellent maintenance work undertaken by wardens and volunteers on
rights of way across the National Park.
Government technology drive stifles UK tree growing and threatens
woodland security - the Horticultural Trades
Association Despite promises to improve the amount of woodland cover and tree
planting in the UK, the amount of new planting in England has dropped
from 3,300 hectares in 2013-14 to 2,400 hectares in 2014-15 and
unconfirmed analysis of 2015-16 suggests that this figure could drop to
as low as 1,600 hectares.
Bystock boost - future of popular nature reserve secured
- Devon Wildlife Trust Bystock Pools, one of Devon’s most loved wildlife sites, has been
secured for the future by Devon Wildlife Trust.
Brownfield or greenfield: it's not a black and white issue
- the Land Trust Let's change our assumptions about developing land: that is the
message from national land management charity The Land Trust and
Buglife, who want to remind politicians it is not as simple as brown
versus green. The Prime Minister has renewed the government’s focus on brownfield
sites for housing, while at its annual conference in September 2014,
Labour suggested it would look to change the National Policy Planning
Framework to ”strengthen brownfield first” if elected. Meanwhile,
the Campaign to Protect Rural England (CPRE) is continuing its call to
protect greenfield. However, it is clear that not all brownfield is suitable for
development. This has been demonstrated by the Land Trust and Buglife working in
partnership on the former oil refinery in Canvey Wick, Essex, hailed as
a ‘brownfield rainforest’ and working with developer Goodman to
transform a disused power station into a wildlife haven at Oliver Road
Lagoons, Thurrock.Euan Hall, Chief Executive of the Land Trust, said:
”Certainly, there are areas of brownfield that are well positioned to
accommodate the UK’s housing needs, but equally, there are many
brownfield sites that are more valuable to society and the environment
as public open space. A blinkered blanket approach is damaging.
Brownfield can be a great place for wildlife, a great place for society
to engage with nature and reap the benefits of the open space, as well
as being a resource to assist with climate change adaptation.
Oliver Road Lagoons is a prime example with its wildflower-rich habitats
supporting over 1,300 wildlife species, 50 of which are classified as
endangered. This proves that brownfield should not necessarily be
the first port of call for new developments.” The current National Planning Policy framework (NPPF) prioritises
development on brownfield land, providing it is not of high
environmental value. But there are concerns that if this policy is
lost or diluted, then some of the UK’s best wildlife sites could
disappear and many rare and endangered species could be in serious
trouble. Both the Land Trust and Buglife do support brownfield developments in
principal, since the majority of brownfield land is of low value and
suitable for development. But it is important to recognise the
brownfield sites which have very high environmental and societal value,
and it is essential that these are properly considered in the planning
process.
Connecting with nature offers a new approach to mental health care
- Natural England A new study has been published by Natural England which reviews the
benefits and outcomes of approaches to green care for mental ill-health. A report published today (9 February 2016) shows that taking part in
nature-based activities helps people who are suffering from mental
ill-health and can contribute to a reduction in levels of anxiety,
stress, and depression. The report A review of nature-based interventions for mental health
care suggests making greater use of ‘green care’ to help people
suffering from mental ill-health. The new review was commissioned by
Natural England from the University of Essex and Mind, the UK’s leading
mental health charity. Mental ill-health is on the rise and in England it is estimated that
in any one year at least 1 in 4 people will experience a ‘significant’
mental health problem. The new report suggests that green care
interventions can provide an increasingly important and cost-effective
way of supporting mental health services. The report focuses on the 3 main green care interventions that are
currently helping people in England who have mental ill-health: care
farming; environmental conservation; and social and therapeutic
horticulture. The report presents evidence that shows that projects in each of
these areas are already making a difference to people’s lives and bring
a range of positive benefits for those with existing mental ill health.
These include a reduction in depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms,
and an improvement in dementia-related symptoms. The report also shows that people involved in these types of green
care activities have a greatly increased level of social contact and
inclusion; as well as a sense of belonging and personal achievement. Environment Minister Rory Stewart said: As part of our £900 million Countryside Stewardship scheme, we are
supporting projects like care farms, providing effective recovery to
those in need. Alan Law, Natural England’s Chief Strategy and Reform Officer, said: There is now compelling evidence to show that contact with nature and
the outdoors improves physical health and mental wellbeing. Natural
England is committed to find ways to help more people access the
benefits that come through practical experiences in the outdoors. Access the report
A review of nature-based interventions for mental health care
Wildfowl and Wetland Trust to tell story of Sir Peter Scott thanks to
National Lottery - Heritage Lottery Fund &
Wildfowl & Wetlands Centre The public will be able to visit the home of the ‘patron saint of
conservation’ - Sir Peter Scott - for the first time, thanks to a
Heritage Lottery Fund (HLF) investment of £4.4million. Sir Peter's home at Slimbridge Wetland Centre in Gloucestershire was
the site of the BBC’s first-ever natural history programme. Sir Peter
presented the show live from his studio lounge in May 1953.
Sir
Peter Scott at Slimbridge. Credit: WWT HIs pioneering television career in the 1950s inspired many
broadcasters, including Sir David Attenborough, who commented: "Peter is
and always will be the patron saint of conservation. Long before words
like ‘biodiversity’ were coined, Peter looked out from that huge window
in his house at Slimbridge and realised our lives are so linked with our
natural world that we have to learn to love it and look after it. I
think it’s wonderful that absolutely anyone will be able to sit in that
same window in future years and feel just as inspired.” The house is also a key part of the story of modern conservation –
the global system for designating species as threatened, endangered or
extinct was largely devised there by Scott as he helped to found the
Wildfowl & Wetland Trust (WWT), the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), IUCN
Species Survival Commission and other organisations that have
prevented many animals from going extinct. HLF’s grant will help renovate the house and enable the public to
experience the fascinating history within it. The Scott Tour will
continue out into the grounds, among the world’s biggest collection of
water birds including the Hawaiian goose, which Scott saved from
extinction. There will be new attractions including an aviary and
theatre, more hides overlooking the wild nature reserves and access to
WWT’s world-renowned conservation breeding duckery. HLF has awarded an initial £360,000 to help WWT develop plans for the
new heritage tour of Slimbridge Wetland Centre, starting from Scott’s
house. In addition to HLF’s full £4.4m grant, WWT will need to raise a
further £1.6m towards the full £6m project cost. WWT Chief Executive Martin Spray CBE said: “We want everyone in the
area to feel proud of how important Slimbridge is to wildlife
conservation across the world, and to enjoy getting close to wildlife in
a beautiful, watery landscape. We’re inviting local people to be part of
sharing that pride, and to inspire the young conservationists of
tomorrow.”
NERC-funded scientists start work on Scottish slopes after storm Desmond
and storm Frank landslides - NERC Scientists will use cutting-edge technology to pinpoint potential
landslide "warning signs" on a high-risk route in Scotland following
devastating storms in December. Since 2007, there have been 13 major landslides on the A83 at the
Rest & Be Thankful beauty spot in Argyll & Bute, on occasions forcing
the road to close at a high cost to the local economy.
3d
computer model of Rest and Be Thankful site in Scotland Storm Desmond and storm Frank caused major flooding and disruption in
Scotland and Cumbria in December and saw three large landslides at the
Rest and Be Thankful site, one of which caused damage to cars. NERC has
provided an urgency grant of more than £57,000 for the research to be
carried out by the Newcastle University team with co-workers at
Northumbria University and the Transport Research Laboratory (TRL). The
team will work closely with Transport Scotland and BEAR Scotland, who
maintain the A83. Using a drone weighing just a few pounds, researchers will create
detailed 3D images of the slopes. By comparison with previous drone
imagery and data, scientists hope to pin-point the small shifts in
earth, water levels and sediment which may come before a landslide large
enough to reach the road. These small events could provide warning signs
ahead of major landslides in the future. Project leader Dr Stuart Dunning, of Newcastle University, said his
team has a unique opportunity thanks to the pre-event data gathered by
monitoring devices installed on behalf of Transport Scotland over the
past five years to measure rainfall, small movements and changing water
levels in the slope every fifteen minutes. Dr Dunning said: "We are in a unique position - many slopes in the
world may be this active, but almost no others have the pre-event data
that we have available to us, including measurements recorded throughout
the storms which triggered the landslides. Transport Scotland's
monitoring has provided us with an opportunity. We will be able to build
3D visualisations which compare pre-event data with the in-depth imaging
to be collected on site by our drone in the coming weeks and link this
to the rainfall and slope monitoring data. We hope to be able to use
this to identify the smaller, less visible changes over, and within, the
slope which prepare the slope for final failure, and be able to give
some estimate of what leads up to that final failure. We are essentially
asking - are there subtle warning signs on the slope that we should be
looking for?" The first 3D computer models of the site could be completed by the
end of the month. As part of the 12-month project, researchers will also
install equipment to monitor the passing of sediment through culverts
under the road, signalling changes on the slopes which may not be
visible. In addition, the project aims to shed light on the aftermath of
landslide events with the potential to make recommendations for future
mitigation measures.
Monitor of Engagement with the Natural Environment pilot study: visits
to the natural environment by children -
Natural England publication Results from a project to test a method of measuring the level of
access to the natural environment by children in England. The Monitor of Engagement with the Natural Environment (MENE)
children’s survey is a pilot study to test the methodology for
development of a national indicator for children’s access to the natural
environment. The survey collected information on children’s visits to the natural
environment, including the:
whether adults were present The study has been carried out as a partnership project between
Natural England, Defra, Public Health England, Historic England and
King’s College, London. Access the results: MENE: a pilot for an indicator of visits to the natural environment by children - results from years 1 and 2 (March 2013 to February 2015) (PDF)
Surge in seal pups at St Abbs - National
Trust for Scotland Ongoing monitoring by National Trust for Scotland wildlife experts
has shown that the number of grey seal pups born at St Abbs in
Berwickshire increased by at least 10 per cent in the last year. The conservation charity has kept an eye on its seal pups each
November for a number of years, but only started detailed monitoring of
the numbers of the grey seal pups in 2014 when local staff started to
notice that they were seemingly spreading along the coast.
Grey
seals and pups, (image: National Trust for Scotland) Visual counts backed up by detailed photography showed that on the
main pupping beach, the number of grey seal pups had increased from 556
in 2014 to 631 pups in 2015. Total numbers of pups in this area of coast
reached 927 pups in 2015. The monitoring work will continue over the
next few years to see if this growing trend in seal pup numbers is short
or long-term. Liza Cole, Property Manager at St Abb’s Head said: “Scotland and the
UK hold over 40 per cent of the world population of this species. It is
good to see so many pups on our beaches, as the grey seal is actually
one of the world’s rarest. Grey seals are such a regular sight along our
coasts, it is actually quite hard to appreciate this fact at times.
However, it is not clear what our counts mean for the grey seal
population as a whole at this time as many seal pups won’t last their
first year.” Lindsay Mackinlay, Nature Conservation Adviser said: “The figures
for seal pups are interesting and encouraging, and something we will
keep an eye on in the foreseeable future. At this time, it appears that
other grey seal colonies along the east coast of the UK have witnessed
large numbers of seal pups being born in 2015, although we do not know
for how long this trend will continue. I believe the Farne Islands
colony saw similar increases to us but the seal pup counts at Blakeney
Point in Norfolk remained stable in 2015 after several years of massive
growth.” While the monitoring work was underway, the Trust’s wildlife cameraman and video editor, Simon Goodall shot some compelling footage of the seal pups, focusing on one pup’s struggle for survival. The video is available to view on the Trust’s Nature Channel here.
European programmes to deliver millions for rural and coastal Wales,
says Rebecca Evans - Welsh Government Deputy Minister for Farming and Food, Rebecca Evans will today
announce several new support mechanisms for Welsh farmers, foresters,
and fishers providing access to millions of pounds of European funding. The Minister will be at the Liberty Stadium in Swansea for the
official start-of-term event of two European programmes, the Welsh
Government Rural Communities – Rural Development Programme 2014-2020
(WGRC) and the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund 2014 – 2020 (EMFF). During the event, the Deputy Minister will announce she is making the
following schemes available within the next month:
River restoration helping to reduce flood risk in the New Forest
- Forestry Commission A project to return rivers to their natural state is playing its part
in reducing flood risk and conserving fragile habitats in the New
Forest. Local experts are reinstating drainage channels to their natural
meanders, helping to enhance the area’s precious wetland habitats and
naturally hold water upstream.
Meander
in a river restoration (image: Forestry Commission)
The ten year Higher Level Stewardship scheme is an agreement with
Natural England, held by the Verderers and managed by them in
partnership with the Forestry Commission and the New Forest National
Park Authority. Higher Level Stewardship is a targeted scheme focused on achieving
environmental benefits in priority areas. Over time, it will transition
to the new Countryside Stewardship scheme which will put £900 million
towards restoring habitats, protecting landscapes, creating new
woodland, reducing flooding risks, and providing year-round food and
shelter for pollinators, birds and other wildlife. Research by national experts from The River Restoration Centre has
shown that restored waterways have shown ‘sustained positive change over
the period since their restoration both in terms of improving the
quality of habitats and restoring the physical functioning of the river
systems’. Natural approaches to flood protection are increasingly seen as part
of the response to the growing frequency and severity of flooding in the
UK. These tactics are supported by experts from a wide range of
organisations, including the RSPB, Wildlife Trusts and Freshwater
Habitats Trust. They have jointly described the natural approach as
‘sustainable both in terms of monetary cost and environmental impact’.
£7M research awards for control and eradication of bovine TB
- BBSRC
Nine projects totalling more than £7M have been awarded by BBSRC, the
National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement & Reduction of Animals
in Research (NC3Rs), and the Department for Environment, Food and Rural
Affairs (Defra) as part of an integrated programme of research on bovine
tuberculosis (TB). The programme, comprising two separate calls, aims to
promote a step change in bovine TB research leading to the development
of novel control and eradication strategies. The first call, which included £70k support from NC3Rs, provided
funding for three projects in 2015 to develop improved in vitro and in
silico models to study bovine TB infection and virulence. The second
call, which includes £600k support from Defra, sees a further six
projects that will focus on bridging gaps in our understanding of bovine
TB strain diversity and of theinteractions between bovine TB and its
hosts, as well as accelerating vaccine research. Bovine TB is the greatest animal health threat to the UK. Dealing
with the disease is costing the taxpayer £100M each year. The UK Government is pursuing a comprehensive eradication strategy
which includes tighter cattle measures, improved biosecurity and badger
control in areas where the disease is rife. BBSRC Chief Executive Professor Jackie Hunter said: “The basic
bioscience funded through this integrated research programme will play a
crucial role in the development of next generation control and
eradication strategies for bovine TB. Increasing the protection of herds
to this disease is a top priority for UK food security, allowing greater
food production from the same amount of land and reducing wastage in the
food chain whilst reducing the cost to UK taxpayers.” Dr Vicky Robinson CBE, Chief Executive of the NC3Rs said: “Research on bovine TB has traditionally been heavily dependent on animal research to study pathogen biology. The use of non-animal approaches such as in vitro and computer models have the potential to transform knowledge of the disease as well as avoiding the use of laboratory animals, making this new collaboration between the BBSRC and the NC3Rs a win/win.”
Have your say on Shetland Reserve management
- Scottish Natural History Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH) is asking for views on its plans for
the future management of Britain’s most northerly National Nature
Reserve (NNR) in Shetland. The public consultation runs until 25 March inviting comments on
management proposals for Hermaness NNR over the next ten years. SNH manages Hermaness under an agreement with the reserve’s owners,
providing information and interpretation for visitors and maintaining
the paths across the fragile blanket bog to the seabird cliffs. Jonathan Swale, SNH Operations Officer for Shetland, said: “This
consultation is important because it allows people to tell us what they
think about the reserve and help shape its future management. We are
especially keen to see Hermaness used to the benefit of the local
community and schools and we hope to gather as many responses as
possible. These will be taken into account when we write the final plan
for the reserve.” The proposals and information about the reserve are
available on the NNR website.
Almost 2 million fish released into England’s rivers
- Environment Agency Record-breaking results for Environment Agency’s fish breeding farm Record-breaking numbers of coarse fish were released into England’s
rivers in 2015, the Environment Agency has revealed. Last year was
the best year ever for the Environment Agency’s specialist fish breeding
farm in Nottingham. Experts stocked more than 452,220 fish and 1.3
million larvae into rivers all over the country. They were all bred at
the Environment Agency’s Calverton fish farm. Calverton is the Environment Agency’s principal supply of coarse fish
for restocking. Every year for the last 31 years the farm has produced
up to 450,000 fish of nine species for restocking into rivers following
pollution incidents or to help restore fish stocks in rivers where
numbers are low. All of its work is funded by rod licence income. Fish farm team leader Alan Henshaw said: "Many of our industrialised
rivers have improved dramatically in water quality in the last 30 years
and concerted restocking from Calverton has accelerated the restoration
of natural fish stocks and viable fisheries. Last year was no exception
and, while it wasn’t a good summer for getting a tan, it was perfect for
growing fish. Growth and production rates of fish that have been grown
on the farm for 18 months have been the highest recorded at Calverton.
Many rivers and lakes throughout England have benefited from these
stockings and the quality of the fish is a testament to the hard work
and professionalism of the staff."
Initial tests point to lack of food as factor in UK sperm whale deaths
- WDC Preliminary findings into the deaths of five of the six sperm whales
whales beached on the coast of the UK in recent weeks have found that
the cause of death was the result of live stranding and dehydration due
to a lack of food. A sixth sperm whales stranded and died in the incidents but landed on
a Ministry of Defence beach and could not be accessed. These whales gain fluids (hydrate) from their food and it is thought
that a lack of prey in the area that they had drifted into contributed
to their deaths. It is still not known why the whales had moved into
this region of the North Sea but it is thought that they may have got
lost. The Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) is
funding a full UK investigation that will look further into any external
contributing factors.
Engst, Karina, Baasch, Annett, Erfmeier, Alexandra, Jandt, Ute, May,
Konstanze, Schmiede, Ralf & Bruelheide, Helge.
Functional community ecology meets restoration ecology: Assessing the
restoration success of alluvial floodplain meadows with functional
traits. Journal of Applied Ecology. DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12623 Newton, Ian, McGrady, Michael J. & Oli, Madan K.
A review of survival estimates for raptors and owls. Ibis.
DOI: 10.1111/ibi.12355
Abdullah Akpinar,
How is quality of urban green spaces associated with physical activity
and health?, Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, ISSN 1618-8667, DOI:
10.1016/j.ufug.2016.01.011
Laura M. Soissons, Baoquan Li, Qiuying Han, Marieke M. van Katwijk,
Tom Ysebaert, Peter M.J. Herman, Tjeerd J. Bouma,
Understanding seagrass resilience in temperate systems: the importance
of timing of the disturbance, Ecological Indicators, Volume 66, July
2016, Pages 190-198, ISSN 1470-160X, DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.01.030.
James W. Pearce-Higgins , Lucy J. Wright , Murray C. Grant , David J.
T. Douglas
The role of habitat change in driving Black Grouse Tetrao tetrix
population declines across Scotland
Bird Study DOI: 10.1080/00063657.2015.1134439
Cruickshank, Sam S., Ozgul, Arpat, Zumbach, Silvia & Schmidt,
Benedikt R.
Quantifying population declines based on presence-only records for Red
List assessments. Conservation Biology DOI:
10.1111/cobi.12688 Todd, Brian D., Rose, Jonathan P., Price, Steven J. & Dorcas, Michael
E.
Using citizen science data to identify the sensitivity of species to
human land use. Conservation Biology Matt I. D. Carter , Samantha L. Cox , Kylie L. Scales , Anthony W. J. Bicknell , Matthew D. Nicholson , Kelly M. Atkins , Greg Morgan , Lisa Morgan , W. James Grecian , Samantha C. Patrick & Stephen C. Votier GPS tracking reveals rafting behaviour of Northern Gannets (Morus bassanus): implications for foraging ecology and conservation. Bird Study DOI: 10.1080/00063657.2015.1134441
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